Spotlight on… heart disease

What causes heart disease?

There are certain things about you and your lifestyle that can increase your risk. These include:

• Being a smoker
• Having high cholesterol
• Having high blood pressure
• Being overweight
• Having diabetes
• Being physically inactive

Risk factors that you can’t control include:

• Family history of cardiovascular disease
• Your ethnic background
• Your age – the older you are, the more at risk you are of developing cardiovascular disease
• Your sex – research shows that men are more likely to develop CVD at an earlier age

What can I eat for a healthy heart?

1. Get your 5-a-day

Eating a diet rich in plant foods including a wide range of fruit and vegetables may help lower the risk of heart disease. Fruit and vegetables are loaded with vitamins, minerals, fibre and other nutrients, all of which may play a role in helping to reduce your risk of illness. Fresh, frozen, chilled, canned or dried fruit and vegetables along with beans, pulses and 100%, unsweetened juice (not from concentrate) all count. Aim to eat at least five portions a day.

One reason fruit and vegetables are so beneficial is that they are rich in antioxidants as well as the mineral potassium, which may help control blood pressure and regulate your heartbeat. Fruit, green leafy vegetables and root veg are also rich in folate, which is essential for the formation of blood cells and helps control levels of a compound called homocysteine. There is growing evidence that people with high levels of homocysteine may be at a higher risk of CVD.

Get all five of your 5-a-day in one dish with our 5-a-day recipes.

2. Choose your fat wisely

Saturated fat is frequently vilified, because historically it has been linked to cardiovascular disease. Red meat, butter, cheese, burgers and sausages, are all high in saturated fat, as are ghee, coconut and palm oils.

More recent studies, however, suggest it’s not quite as clear cut as we once thought with saturated fats from certain foods such as those in dairy products including cheese, having a neutral or even positive effect on heart health. This may be because of other nutrients, like calcium or the fermentation process itself, that modifies the effect of these saturated fats.

However, guidance remains that we should aim to keep saturated fat within Reference Intakes (RI) and focus our intake on heart-friendly fats. These include the monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats found in olive oil, avocado, nuts and seeds (and their oils) as well as oily varieties of fish.

Fill up on healthy, unsaturated fats with our avocado salad, broccoli lemon chicken with cashews, carrot pilaf with coriander chutney and tomato penne with avocado.

3. Heart healthy fish

Guidelines suggest we eat at least two portions of fish per week, at least one of which should be an oily variety. These include herring, mackerel, pilchards, sardines, salmon and trout. Oily fish provides the richest source of omega-3 fatty acids, which may help lower blood triglyceride levels.

For a heart-healthy fish suppers, try salmon salad, grilled mackerel with soy, lime & ginger, and zingy salmon with brown rice salad.

If you have an allergy to fish or are unable to eat it for other reasons, there are vegetarian sources of omega-3 fats. These include flax seeds, chia seeds, rapeseed oil and walnuts. The type of omega-3 fats in these plant foods is in a less potent form, so you will need to eat these foods regularly.

4. Fill up on fibre

Fibre may help reduce blood pressure and the amount of cholesterol absorbed into your bloodstream. Useful foods include porridge oats, barley, beans, pulses, lentils, nuts, fruits and vegetables because they are high in soluble fibre, which may help manage cholesterol levels.

A high fibre diet also helps fill you up, making you less likely to snack on sugary foods.

Kick-start your day with high-fibre muesli, raspberry kefir overnight oats, avocado & black bean eggs, and feta & roasted tomato shakshuka.

5. Be salt savvy

On average, in the UK we eat more salt than is recommended – adults should have no more than six grams per day. Salt is linked to high blood pressure, especially in salt-sensitive individuals.

Up to 80% of the salt we eat is hidden in foods such as packet/canned products, instant noodles, soups, ketchups, sauces and salty savoury snacks. In addition to this many of the everyday foods like bread and breakfast cereals are significant contributors.

Try to reduce the amount of salt you eat by getting used to reading labels – this will help you make low salt choices. Read more about this and how diet can help.

Check out our low-salt recipes for breakfast, lunch and dinner.

6. Ditch the ultra-processed foods

Typically, high in saturated fat, salt and sugar, it is no surprise that eating ultra-processed foods is linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, especially among middle-aged individuals.

The answer to this is to cook from scratch more often, using whole, fresh and if possible, seasonal ingredients. Batch cooking when you have the time and inclination will ensure you don’t need to fall back on take-aways or ready meals.

Never be caught out again with our top batch-cooking recipes.

7. Go easy on the alcohol

UK guidelines suggest we drink no more than 14 units of alcohol per week, ideally spread over three or more days. In practical terms that’s six medium (175ml) glasses of wine or six pints of 4% beer.

It is important to stick to these recommended limits for alcohol and avoid binge drinking. Alcohol is also high in calories and even a small amount can increase your appetite and so can be linked to weight gain. There’s no completely safe level of drinking, but sticking within these guidelines lowers your risk of harming your health.

For more information on healthy drinking habits, visit drinkaware.co.uk.

For more information visit...

The British Heart Foundation
The Stroke Association
Diabetes UK

More ways to keep your heart healthy...

Healthy recipes approved by The British Heart Foundation
What to eat for a healthy heart
Top 10 tips for a healthy heart
Heart-healthy portions
More health and nutrition tips

Kerry Torrens BSc. (Hons) PgCert MBANT is a registered nutritionist with a post graduate diploma in personalised nutrition & nutritional therapy. She is a member of the British Association for Nutrition and Lifestyle Medicine (BANT) and a member of the Guild of Food Writers. Over the last 15 years she has been a contributing author to a number of nutritional and cookery publications including BBC Good Food. Find her on Instagram at @kerry_torrens_nutrition_

Jo Lewin is a registered nutritionist (RNutr) with the Association for Nutrition with a specialism in public health. Follow her on Twitter @nutri_jo.

All health content on bbcgoodfood.com is provided for general information only, and should not be treated as a substitute for the medical advice of your own doctor or any other health care professional. If you have any concerns about your general health, you should contact your local health care provider. See our website terms and conditions for more information.